This course examines the crisis of Indigenous overrepresentation in Canadian prisons, its historical context, and current efforts to address this issue. Key topics include: the impact of colonization; the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; the Gladue principle in sentencing; and restorative justice practices. Designed for students, legal professionals, and policymakers interested in Indigenous rights and criminal justice reform, this course provides a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and potential solutions in achieving equitable justice for Indigenous peoples in Canada.