This course addresses the development of, and challenges inherent in, the international protection of human rights. We begin with a discussion of the precursors to international human rights protection, with reference to the International Labour Organization and the UN Charter, amongst other precursors. We then describe the process by which the Universal Declaration of Human Rights came about, and the debates and controversies that resulted. There is then a thorough review of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Lastly, we discuss the issues with ensuring compliance with international law, and the difficulty of enforcement.